IoT Technologies , Protocols, stacks, resources

A. Examples of IoT applications from different industries for each specified element:


Actuators

Industry: Automotive

Example: Automatic Braking Systems in Vehicles

Actuators are used in automatic braking systems to apply pressure to the brake pads when a collision risk is detected. Sensors monitor proximity, speed, and environmental changes, and the actuator responds by engaging the braking mechanism to prevent a collision.


Embedded Systems

Industry: Healthcare

Example: Wearable Health Monitoring Devices

Embedded systems are used in wearable devices like smartwatches or fitness trackers. These devices monitor vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) using sensors and process the data using microcontroller-based embedded systems to provide insights into a user’s health in real-time.


Intelligent Devices

Industry: Agriculture

Example: Smart Irrigation Systems

Intelligent devices in smart agriculture use IoT capabilities to optimize irrigation schedules. These devices compute soil moisture, weather conditions, and water usage by connecting to cloud services like Azure IoT Edge. They can then make autonomous decisions on when to activate water pumps or valves to irrigate crops.


Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

Industry: Consumer Electronics

Example: Smart Home Thermostats

Microcontroller units are embedded in smart thermostats to manage heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. These MCUs process environmental data from temperature sensors and user inputs to adjust room temperatures, saving energy and maintaining user comfort.


Microprocessor Unit (MPU)

Industry: Telecommunications

Example: Network Routers

Routers rely on MPUs to handle high-level computation for managing internet traffic, connecting multiple devices, and routing signals effectively. MPUs perform computation tasks related to network security, signal processing, and user management.


Non-computing Devices

Industry: Logistics

Example: RFID Tags for Asset Tracking

RFID tags are non-computing devices that connect to IoT networks for asset tracking. They transmit data about a package's location or status (e.g., entering or leaving a warehouse) without performing computation themselves.


Transducers

Industry: Energy Management

Example: Solar Panel Monitoring Systems

Transducers convert sunlight into electrical signals via photovoltaic cells (a type of transducer) in solar panels. These signals are monitored and transmitted via IoT systems to assess energy production and optimize performance.


Sensors

Industry: Environmental Monitoring

Example: Air Quality Monitoring Stations

IoT sensors detect environmental changes like pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide, particulate matter) and transmit this data to centralized systems. This allows cities or governments to monitor air quality in real time and respond to pollution spikes.


B. For different elements of IOT, protocols and IoT technology stacks  visit this wepbage from Microsoft website.

https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/solutions/iot/iot-technology-protocols


When selecting an IoT protocol, you can consider things like:

Power consumption: Whether the protocol has low power requirements to extend the device's lifespan

Data rate: Whether the protocol can handle the required data transmission speed for the application

Range: Whether the protocol is suitable for short-range or long-distance communication

Scalability: Whether the protocol can scale as IoT networks grow

Security: Whether the protocol offers encryption and secure data transmission



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