Automatic calculations such as BMI (Body Mass Index) can be handled through the use of FHIR

 

In FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), automatic calculations such as BMI (Body Mass Index) can be handled through the use of FHIR resources and expressions. Here's a general outline of how automatic BMI calculations might happen in the FHIR context:

 

1. Patient Resource:

   - FHIR includes a resource type called "Patient" that represents an individual receiving or requiring healthcare services. This resource includes information about the patient, including their height and weight.

 

2. Observation Resource:

   - To represent the patient's height and weight, FHIR has the "Observation" resource. The height and weight measurements can be recorded as observations associated with the patient.

 

   Example:

   ```json

   {

     "resourceType": "Observation",

     "status": "final",

     "category": [

       {

         "coding": [

           {

             "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",

             "code": "vital-signs",

             "display": "Vital Signs"

           }

         ],

         "text": "Vital Signs"

       }

     ],

     "code": {

       "coding": [

         {

           "system": "http://loinc.org",

           "code": "8302-2",

           "display": "Body height"

         }

       ],

       "text": "Body Height"

     },

     "subject": {

       "reference": "Patient/123"

     },

     "valueQuantity": {

       "value": 175,

       "unit": "cm",

       "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",

       "code": "cm"

     }

   }

   ```

 

3. BMI Calculation:

   - The BMI can be calculated based on the height and weight observations. The formula for BMI is weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. This calculation can be performed using an expression or algorithm within the system or application.

 

   Example:

   ```json

   {

     "resourceType": "Observation",

     "status": "final",

     "category": [

       {

         "coding": [

           {

             "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",

             "code": "vital-signs",

             "display": "Vital Signs"

           }

         ],

         "text": "Vital Signs"

       }

     ],

     "code": {

       "coding": [

         {

           "system": "http://loinc.org",

           "code": "29463-7",

           "display": "Body weight"

         }

       ],

       "text": "Body Weight"

     },

     "subject": {

       "reference": "Patient/123"

     },

     "valueQuantity": {

       "value": 70,

       "unit": "kg",

       "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",

       "code": "kg"

     }

   }

   ```

 

4. Storing BMI Observation:

   - Once the BMI is calculated, it can be recorded as a new observation associated with the patient.

 

   Example:

   ```json

   {

     "resourceType": "Observation",

     "status": "final",

     "category": [

       {

         "coding": [

           {

             "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",

             "code": "vital-signs",

             "display": "Vital Signs"

           }

         ],

         "text": "Vital Signs"

       }

     ],

     "code": {

       "coding": [

         {

           "system": "http://loinc.org",

           "code": "39156-5",

           "display": "Body mass index (BMI) [Ratio]"

         }

       ],

       "text": "BMI"

     },

     "subject": {

       "reference": "Patient/123"

     },

     "valueQuantity": {

       "value": 22.86,

       "unit": "kg/m²",

       "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",

       "code": "kg/m²"

     }

   }

   ```

 

This example demonstrates how FHIR resources can be used to represent height and weight observations, and how the system can automatically calculate and record the BMI as a derived observation. Keep in mind that specific implementations may vary, and FHIR allows for flexibility in how resources are used and extended based on the needs of the healthcare system or application.

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